jpdb beta

box; case; car (of a train, etc.); shamisen case; shamisen; public building; community building

2

root (of a plant); root (of a tooth, hair, etc.); center (of a pimple, etc.); root (of all evil, etc.); source; one's true nature

2

indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question

45

mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)

1

indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis

35

the whole world; the whole country; society; the public; supremacy over a nation; government of a country; having one's own way

1

steepness; steep place; harsh (look); sharp (tongue)

1

to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up

2

like that; so

1

hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo

19

Retsuko

11

indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)

24

to sing; to sing (one's praises in a poem, etc.); to compose a poem; to recite a poem

4

to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage

3

now; the present time; just now; another; more

4

we; us

5

only; nothing but

1

nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible

5

is not; am not; are not; isn't it?

7

unnecessary; not needed; not necessary

1

and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing

1

first; foremost; most important; best; greatest; above all

1

to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember

4

indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!

5

such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!

4

song; singing; classical Japanese poem (esp. tanka); modern poetry

1

famous piece of music; excellent song; (musical) masterpiece

1

eight; 8

1

Japanese league; ri; neighbourhood (under the ritsuryo system; orig. of 50 homes); unit of area (approx. 654m by 654m)

1

indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.

17

music

1

lesson; class work; teaching; instruction

1

at; in; at; when; by; with; and then

11

to take lessons in; to be taught; to learn (from a teacher); to study (under a teacher); to get training in

2

it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?

2

generation; the world; the age

1

was

1

delicious; tasty; sweet; attractive; appealing; convenient

3

food

1

to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen

4

store; shop

3

to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk

2

Oh well; yeah; good; OK

1

then; well; so; be; is

6

there; over there; genitals; private parts; that far; that much

1

that; those; the

5

quiche

1

fish of the genus Rhinogobius; dusky tripletooth goby (Tridentiger obscurus); common freshwater goby (Gymnogobius urotaenia); Japanese fluvial sculpin (fish, Cottus pollux)

1

suffix for familiar person

1

liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity

2