from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
for; for the sake of; to one's advantage; because of; as a result of
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
as a child; when one was a child
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
one's father; one's old man; middle-aged (or older) man; old man; one's boss; proprietor (of a restaurant, store, etc.)
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
Senior Grand Tutor (senior-most of the top three civil positions of the Zhou Dynasty); Grand Minister; Chancellor of the Realm
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to be raised (e.g. child); to be brought up; to grow (up)
sometime; someday; one day; some time or other; the other day; in due course
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
yearning; longing; aspiration; adoration; admiration
to hold in one's arms (e.g. a baby); to embrace; to hug; to have (a thought or feeling); to hold; to harbour (suspicion, doubt, etc.)
while; during; while; although; all; both
to cross over; to cross; to pass through; to exceed; to surpass; to be more (than)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
filial piety; being kind to one's parents; taking care of one's parents
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
slow; time-consuming; late (in the day); towards the end (of the day or night); later (than expected or usual); late
adds force or indicates command
teacher; master; religious leader; specialist; (arch.) five-battalion brigade comprising 2500 men (Zhou-dynasty Chinese army)
you (when referring to one's equals or inferiors)
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
to make a mess; to perpetrate; to do; to finish up; to be guilty of
will; probably; may; I think; surely; I hope
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to sense; to suspect; to get an inkling (of something); to get wind of; to smell (e.g. danger); to become aware of (e.g. a plot)
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
thought; imagination; mind; desire; wish; love