here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
wooden framework; wooden frame; timberwork
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
stone paving; cobble paving; stone steps; check (pattern); pavé (rectangular dessert, usu. made from chocolate or several layers of sponge cake)
town; block; street; road; chō (unit of length, approx. 109.09 m); chō (unit of land area, approx. 0.99 hectares)
cocoa (beverage, cocoa solids); hot chocolate
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
senior high school; high school
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to go to and from (a place); to go back and forth between; to go to (school, work, etc.); to attend; to circulate (e.g. blood, electricity); to be communicated (e.g. thought)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
to move (house); to change residence
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
boarding; lodging; board and lodging; boarding house; lodging house; lodgings
point; tip; head (of a line); front; first; before; (the way) ahead
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
vigorously (ripping, tearing, scratching, etc.); roughly; (eating) with a crunch; stiff; starchy; (working) hard
to work; to labor; to function; to operate; to commit (e.g. a crime); to perpetrate
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be able to do; to be possible; to be good at; to do well; to come into existence; to form; to be made
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
the other day; previously; last time; last (Sunday, summer, etc.); previous (e.g. mayor, chapter)
guest; visitor; customer; client; shopper
suffix for familiar person
sister complex; excessive attachment to one's sister
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
echo; reverberation; sound (esp. the distinctive sound of an object or activity, e.g. rain, gun, gallop, drum); noise; quality of a sound (e.g. a fine phrase, clear voice, resonant bell); feeling of a sound
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
attractive; good-looking; stylish; cool; smooth; neat
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
what?!; what did you say?!; why?; what for?; anyone; anything
is that so?; I see; right; oh
dangerous; risky; awful; terrible; terrific; amazing
meaning; significance; sense