indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
mock exam; practice exam; practice test
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to wear (in modern Japanese, from the shoulders down); to put on; to bear (guilt, etc.)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
cute; adorable; dear; precious; innocent; childlike
what's the matter?; what's wrong?; what happened (to) ...?; what have you done (with) ...?; where is ...?
suffix for familiar person
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
strenuous exertion; spurt; splurge
instead; but (on the other hand)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
dot; spot; mark (in an exam, etc.); grade; point (in a game); score; point (in geometry)
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
expectation; anticipation; hope; promising; rising; up-and-coming
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
a-ha-ha (laughing loudly)
great; excellent; very troublesome; awful; tiring; tough
wisdom; enlightenment; prajñā (one of the three divisions of the noble eightfold path); wisdom
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
happy; glad; pleased; joyful; delightful; gratifying
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
self-confidence; confidence (in oneself)
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
study; diligence; discount; reduction
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so