hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to shoot (at); to attack; to defeat; to destroy
plan; meter; measuring device; (in) total; total (of)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
in that way; thus; so; so?
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
how; in what way; how about
adds force or indicates command
painful; sore; cringy; embarrassing; exceeding
sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
mama; mamma; mom; female proprietress (of a bar, etc.)
ramen; Chinese-style noodles
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
neck; head; dismissal; discharge
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not