honorific/polite/humble prefix
name; given name; first name
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
to receive; to take; to get someone to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
disliking; not wanting; unpleasant; disagreeable; no!; quit it!
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to be taught; to learn; to take lessons in
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
in this way; like this; this (much); so; uh; er
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to end; to come to an end; to finish; to complete; to finish doing; to be past its (one's) prime
in the first place; to begin with; after all; anyway; beginning; start
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
3 o'clock; afternoon snack (eaten around 3 o'clock); three ages of Buddhism (following the death of Gautama Buddha; age of the true law, age of the copied law, and age of the degeneration of the law); three ages of the dharma
interval; period of time; among; between; good opportunity; chance
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to go upstream; to go up (a river); to go back (to the past or origin); to date back (to); to trace back (to)
these days; nowadays; today; at this time (of day); at this hour
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
large landowner; major landowner; great landowner
that is to say; that is; in short; in brief; clogging; obstruction; shrinkage
rich person; wealthy person
bringing up (one's daughter) like a princess
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
home area; home town; local