indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
woman; female; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
wind; breeze; manner; behaviour; cold; influenza
to pull; to tug; to draw (attention, sympathy, etc.); to attract (e.g. interest); to draw back (e.g. one's hand); to draw in (one's chin, stomach, etc.); to draw (a card, mahjong tile, etc.)
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
source of all kinds of diseases
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
to be careful; to pay attention; to take care
bad; wrong; must not (do, be); should not; useless; no good; hopeless
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
Mr; master; Ms; miss; (arch.) sir; (arch.) madam
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
umbrella; parasol; something shaped like an umbrella or a conical hat; shade (of a lamp); mushroom cap
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to lend; to loan; to rent out; to hire out; to hand (over); to give
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to borrow; to rent; to hire; to make use of (another's help, wisdom, etc.); to obtain; to use (for another purpose)
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
to lose (something); to get rid of; to eliminate; to remove
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
business; things to do; engagement; errand; affairs
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
small; little; slight; below average (in degree, amount, etc.); low (e.g. sound); soft (e.g. voice)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
elementary school student; primary school student; grade school student
standard; criterion; norm; average; the norm; the ordinary
it is, isn't it?; I know, right?; innit?
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...