indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
circle; "correct"; "good"; *; _; period
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
adds force or indicates command
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
doing; in such a state; doing together; doing to each other; familiarizing suffix (sometimes meaning "small")
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
quantity; amount; volume; number; amount of money
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
name; given name; first name
ding (of a bell); bing; honk (i.e. sound of blowing one's nose); snort; heating in a microwave; cooking in a microwave
silver (Ag); silver coin; money; silver medal; silver colour; silver color
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
ogre; demon; spirit of a deceased person; ogre-like person (i.e. fierce, relentless, merciless, etc.); it (in a game of tag, hide-and-seek, etc.); Chinese "ghost" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); very