indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
I'm sorry; my apologies; excuse me; pardon me
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
in that way; thus; so; so?
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
How do you do?; I am glad to meet you
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
farewell; adieu; goodbye; so long
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to torment; to pain; to inflict (physical) pain; to harass; to cause (emotional) pain; to afflict
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
had better ...; had better not ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
foot; paw; leg; gait; pace; bottom structural component (i.e. radical) of a kanji; means of transportation
what's the matter?; what's wrong?; what happened (to) ...?; what have you done (with) ...?; where is ...?
perhaps; possibly; maybe; if; in case; in the event that
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
to stop; to turn off; to park; to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade
to touch; to feel; to get involved (with); to approach; to be harmful to; to hinder
memory; recollection; remembrance; storage
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to concern; to be related
entirely; completely; cleanly; snugly