indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
mystery; curiosity; strangeness; ghost; monster; apparition
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
head (chief, director) of a section or department; head of a (school) club; head of a (school) team
ghost; specter; spectre; apparition; phantom
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
precisely; exactly; plumb; damn; stupid; cursed
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
rumour; rumor; report; hearsay; gossip; common talk
honorific/polite/humble prefix
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)