indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
fleet (fishing, naval, etc.); convoy; group of ships
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
miko; shrine maiden; young girl or woman (trad. an unmarried virgin) who assists priests at shrines; medium; sorceress; shamaness
errand; mission; messenger; bearer; familiar spirit
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
honorific/polite/humble prefix
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
happiness; good fortune; luck; blessing
older sister; elder sister
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
please (give me); please (do for me)
star (usu. not including the Sun); planet (usu. not including Earth); star (glyph, symbol, shape); star (actor, player, etc.); small dot; spot; star point (in go)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
body; oneself; one's place; one's position; main part; meat (as opposed to bone, skin, etc.)
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
to guide; to lead; to show the way; to derive; to deduce
hah (derisively); pooh; pfft (of something disappearing); poof; huff; puff
to lift up; to hold up; to give; to offer; to devote; to sacrifice
prosperity; thriving; flourishing