indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
finally; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
fire attack; attacking and burning enemy troops, warships, provisions, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to put one's life on the line; to risk one's life; to put everything one has into it
bomb; alcohol with liquor added (esp. wine-based shōchū highball, also beer with whiskey)
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
one-sided; unilateral; arbitrary
attack; assault; raid; criticism; censure; denunciation
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
(in) dire straits; (in a) serious bind; (in a) big pinch
desperate situation with no escape; being driven into a corner; being cornered; last extremity
at that time; at that moment; then; on that occasion
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
assistance; help; aid; support; reinforcement
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
abrupt; sudden; unexpected
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
thank you for your hard work; I appreciate your efforts
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
duty; function; office; mission; task
completion; conclusion; perfect (tense, form, aspect)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
body; physique; shape; form; substance; identity; field
one part; one portion; one section; one copy (e.g. of a document)
digitization; digitalization