pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
gap; space; break; interlude; chink (in one's armor, armour); chance
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to be lucky; to be in luck; to be attached; to have; to be included
clothes (esp. Western clothes); counter for doses of medicine, gulps of tea, drags of a cigarette, etc.
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
fire attack; attacking and burning enemy troops, warships, provisions, etc.
bad luck; bad fortune; evil; wickedness
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
computer; cyberbrain; digital brain
government office; agency; board
secretary (government); director; chief
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
dealing appropriately (with a situation); taking proper measures; handling (an issue) carefully; making the best of (a bad bargain)
opinion; intention; thought
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
he; she; this; this one; Hey, you!; You bastard!
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to be effective; to take effect; to work; to function well; to be possible (to do, use, etc.); to be able to
to explain adequately; to be accountable
as one would expect; just as you'd expect (from); just like (someone)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
possibly; apparently; (seem) likely; somehow or other; with difficulty; barely
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
furnished with; including; attached to; impression; appearance; luck; sociality