indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
Okinawa (city, prefecture)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
business trip; official trip
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
definitely; absolutely; without doubt; absolute; unconditional
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
effect; virtue; efficacy; impression
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
once; one time; temporarily; for a moment; one degree; one tone
to take (a resource, e.g. time or money); to hang; to come into view; to arrive; to come under (a contract, a tax); to start (engines, motors); to attend
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to cure; to heal; to fix; to correct; to do over again; to replace
difficult; hard; impossible; unfeasible; fussy; particular; gloomy
seeming to be; appearing to be; like; similar to; in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that
club budget; club expense
state; state of affairs; appearance; look; sign; indication
development; exploitation
unreasonable; unnatural; impossible; forcible; forced; excessive (work, etc.); immoderate
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
to sever; to cut off; to suppress; to eradicate; to abstain (from); to give up
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
seizure; attachment; foreclosure
tower; steeple; spire; stupa; pagoda; dagoba
destruction; disruption; (application) crash
if so; in that case; in that situation
outbreak; spring forth; generation (e.g. of power or heat); genesis; ontogeny; development of complex multicellular structures from cell(s) in a simple state
to keep within limits (e.g. spending); to restrain (e.g. emotions); to control; to hold back (e.g. an enemy); to check; to curb
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
if so; in that case; in that situation