business diary; job sheet; operational record; logbook
abrupt; sudden; unexpected
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
riddle; puzzle; enigma; enigmatic; mysterious
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
(in) dire straits; (in a) serious bind; (in a) big pinch
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
boy; juvenile; young boy; youth; lad
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
pole; rod; line; dash; spoken monotonously
flavor; flavour; charm; appeal; experience; taste (e.g. of victory)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it; I mean
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
victory or defeat; match; contest; game
to get tired; to tire; to become worn out (of a well-used object); (arch.) to starve
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
than; from; out of; except; but; more
previously; before; first; before (something or someone else); beforehand; in advance
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work