disaster; accident; calamity; catastrophe
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
time; hour; period; class
the whole day; all the day
surplus; margin; leeway; composure; placidity; complacency
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to eat; to live; to make a living; to bite; to sting (as insects do); to tease; to torment
flesh; meat; flesh (of a fruit); pulp; the physical body (as opposed to the spirit); flesh; thickness
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
fighting (against); taking on (an opponent); facing; confronting; competing (with); battle
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
evacuation; withdrawal; revocation; repeal; retreat
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
powerlessness; helplessness; incompetent
to change into; to convert into; to transform; to be reduced; to influence; to improve (someone)
blow-drying; blow; punch; brow; blow; playing an instrument (esp. in jazz)
to hit; to strike; to strike (noon, etc.); to sound (cymbals, etc.); to beat (rhythmically, e.g. pulse, waves, etc.); to move; to impress
unreasonable; unnatural; impossible; forcible; forced; excessive (work, etc.); immoderate
oh; ho; exclamation of surprise, admiration, etc.; hoo (owl call); toot (sound of a flute)
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to dodge; to evade; to avoid; to sidestep
sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
how; in what way; how about