indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
performance; take; game; season; penetrative vaginal sex (with a prostitute); unsimulated sex (in an adult movie)
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
wanted; wished for; in need of; I want (you) to
hole; hole (in golf); (golf) cup; (electron) hole
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to blow (of the wind); to blow (one's breath); to breathe out; to play (a wind instrument); to blow (a whistle, trumpet, etc.); to emit (smoke, fire, etc.); to spout
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
safety; security; safely; without incident; good health; inaction
(stage) appearance; performance; participation (e.g. in a tournament)
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
after all; in the end; conclusion; end; end of a game of go, shogi, etc.
to cause trouble (for someone); to annoy; to bother; to inconvenience
form; shape; figure; visage
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
excuse me; pardon me; I'm sorry; thank you
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
frantic; frenetic; inevitable death; brinkmate (inevitable checkmate)
practice; training; drill; (an) exercise; workout
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
please remember me; please help me; please treat me well; please do; please take care of
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
very; extremely; terrible; horrid; remarkable; extraordinary
serious; honest; sober; grave; earnest; steady
greeting; greetings; speech (congratulatory or appreciative); address; reply; response; revenge