indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
iron basket for torches; cresset; brazier; bonfire
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey!; wait a minute!; whoa!; boohoo; waaaa
finally; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
ice; shaved ice (usually served with flavored simple syrup)
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
meaning; significance; sense
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
car; automobile; vehicle; wheel
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to look after; to take care of; to be put in charge of; to be given responsibility for; to withhold (an announcement); to reserve (judgment)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
dull; uninteresting; insignificant; unimportant; absurd; foolish
I'm afraid to say; I'm sorry to say; unfortunately
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
direct; immediate; personal; firsthand
to deliver; to forward; to send; to report; to notify; to file notice (to the authorities)
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry