indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
yen (Japanese monetary unit); circle
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
scary; frightening; eerie; dreadful
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
television; TV; TV program; TV programme; TV broadcast
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
older sister; elder sister; young lady; miss; ma'am
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
idiot; moron; trivial matter; folly; stupid; foolish
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
please (give me); please (do for me)
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not