tsukemono; Japanese pickled vegetables
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to bite; to chew; to gnaw; to fumble one's words (esp. during a play, broadcast, etc.); to falter with one's words; to crash against (e.g. of waves); to break onto (shore)
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
thank you (for the meal); that was a delicious meal; thank you (for displaying lovey-dovey behaviour)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
tea (usu. green); tea break (at work); tea ceremony
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
now; the present time; just now; another; more
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
awfully; frightfully; desperately; violently; unduly; extremely
restlessly; nervously; uneasily; in a fidget
cat (esp. the domestic cat, Felis catus); shamisen; geisha; wheelbarrow; clay bed-warmer; bottom; submissive partner of a homosexual relationship
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
cry (esp. animal); roar; chirp; tweet; bark; whine
(of a lie, etc.) obvious; transparent
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
(social) position; status
suffix for familiar person
spirit; mind; nature; disposition; motivation; intention
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
here and there; all around; everywhere; to get things in the wrong order (back to front); to become muddled up
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to make sound (of an animal); to call; to cry; to make a meld call (e.g. pung, kong)
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
zero; 0; nought; nothing; zilch
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
taking; taker; last performer of the day (usu. the star performer); last performance of the day; active partner (e.g. in judo demonstration); emphatic or formal prefix
yen (Japanese monetary unit); circle
report; notification; tip; message (in information and communication theory)
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
to become confused (disconcerted, disorganized, disorganised); to be flustered; to panic; to hurry; to rush; to hasten
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
so; therefore; accordingly; consequently; on those grounds; that is why
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?