Mr; master; Ms; miss; (arch.) sir; (arch.) madam
to be surprised; to be amazed; to be frightened; surprise (e.g. surprise party)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
mochi; small rice cake made from glutinous rice
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
(at) the beginning of the New Year; early in the New Year
errand; mission; messenger; bearer; familiar spirit
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
trouble (I have put you through); (your) hard work; thank you (for your hard work); I appreciate your efforts
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
to raise; to elevate; to move something (to a higher place); to put onto (e.g. a shelf); to increase (price, quality, status, etc.); to raise (a wage); to show someone (into a room)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
to empty; to remove; to move out; to clear out; to be away from (e.g. one's house); to leave (temporarily); to dawn
congratulations!; well done!; best wishes!; all the best!
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
greeting; greetings; speech (congratulatory or appreciative); address; reply; response; courtesy visit (to offer condolences, say congratulations, pay respect, introduce oneself, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to love; to cherish; to admire; to appreciate
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
beginning of the year; early in the New Year
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
New Year's gift (usu. money given to a child by relatives and visitors)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
enforcement; implementation; putting into practice; carrying out; operation; working (e.g. working parameters)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
eye color; eye colour; expression (of the eyes); look; countenance
to change; to alter; to transform; to reform; to revise; to amend