indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
gentian (Gentiana scabra var. buergeri); autumn bellflower
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
equipment; device; installation; stage setting
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
miraculous deed; unmeasurable resourcefulness
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
evening; last night; yesterday evening
powerful deity (sometimes impetuous); miraculous spirit
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
tree; shrub; bush; wood; timber
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
to entrust (e.g. a task) to another; to leave to; to passively leave to someone else's facilities; to leave to take its natural course; to continue (something) in a natural fashion (without particular aim); to rely fully on one's (full strength, great ability, long time taken) to get something done
low price; moderate price
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!