time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Common Era; CE; Christian Era; Western (Gregorian) calendar
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
change; alteration; modification
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to plan; to form a plan; to scheme; to envision; to intend to do
time; hour; period; class
going upstream; sailing against the current
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
to be destroyed; to perish; to go out (e.g. fire); to destroy; to get rid of; to extinguish
for; for the sake of; to one's advantage; because of; as a result of
sword; dagger; knife; bayonet
than; from; out of; except; but; more
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
life or death struggle; mortal combat; struggle to the death
to unfold; to unroll; to open
yo!; hello there!; wow!; oh!; yah! (yell)
head (of a household); proprietor (of a store); proprietress; (arch.) entertaining someone as one's guest
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
between-meal snack; mid-afternoon (around 3 o'clock) snack; afternoon refreshment; afternoon tea
mashed boiled green soybeans
mochi; (sticky) rice cake
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
adds force or indicates command
aloes wood (Taxus cuspidata var. nana); aloes-wood perfume; aloes-wood incense
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
honorific/polite/humble prefix
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
tasks; things to do; errand; business (to take care of); affairs; engagement
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
master; Your lordship; My lord; husband
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
story; tale; talk; discussion
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine