time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Common Era; CE; Christian Era; Western (Gregorian) calendar
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
change; alteration; modification
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to plan; to form a plan; to scheme; to envision; to intend to do
time; hour; period; class
going upstream; sailing against the current
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
to be destroyed; to perish; to go out (e.g. fire); to destroy; to get rid of; to extinguish
for; for the sake of; to one's advantage; because of; as a result of
sword; dagger; knife; bayonet
than; from; out of; except; but; more
birth; birthplace; born in (country, month, imperial era, zodiac year, etc.)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
life or death struggle; mortal combat; struggle to the death
to unfold; to unroll; to open
here I am; I'm home!; presently; right away; right now
younger brother; little brother; brother-in-law (spouse's younger brother or younger sister's husband); (arch.) pupil; (arch.) apprentice
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
let me see; well; errr ...; uhh ...
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
older brother; elder brother
person; -er; (arch.) expert; (arch.) geisha; (arch.) prostitute
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
expedition; (military) campaign; tour (by a sports team, performer, etc.); visit
I'm off; see you later; to go (and then come back)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
local specialty or souvenir bought as a gift while travelling; present brought by a visitor; something unpleasant that one is given (e.g. an illness while on vacation); unwelcome gift
good; excellent; fine; nice; pleasant; agreeable
discourtesy; impoliteness; excuse me; goodbye; to leave; to be rude
general; admiral; head; chief; old chap; mate
request; favor; favour; reliance; dependence; trust
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
is something wrong?; what's wrong?; what's the matter?; slightest; mere; trivial
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement