indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
honorific/polite/humble prefix
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
high; tall; expensive; high-priced; high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
to put in; to let in; to admit; to accept; to accept; to comply; to include
somewhere; anywhere; in some respects
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
to decide to; to pretend that; to make a practice of doing; to make it a rule to
family; members of a family