jpdb beta

indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question

10

indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis

5

at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for

2

indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.

2

if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question

3

too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as

5

indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)

3

at; in; at; when; by; with; and then

7

be; is; did; (have) done; please; do

1

indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very

2

hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo

6

to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen

1

to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing

2

right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?

5

this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")

1

to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding

1

but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...

3

be; is

2

don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...

1

the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...

1

good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial

1

this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence

1

to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience

2

until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to

1

to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk

1

now; soon; already; yet; further; more

2

that; those; the

1

to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become

1

yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's

1

and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing

2

is not; am not; are not; isn't it?

2

also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise

1

again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and

2

things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that

1

-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now

1

no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all

1

a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily

1

to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch

1

direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)

1

extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of

1

I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that

1

to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend

1

house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name

2

it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?

1

bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly

1

what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few

1

time; hour; period; class

1

only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to

1

everyone; everybody; all; everything; all

2

was

1