indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
space (between); gap; period of time (during, while); duration; between (two parties or things); among (a group); relations (between)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to drop; to lose; to clean off (dirt, makeup, paint, etc.); to remove (e.g. stains or facial hair); to lose (a match); to reject (an applicant); to lower (e.g. shoulders or voice)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
scary; frightening; eerie; dreadful
classroom; lecture room; department (in a university); class; lessons; school (for a particular discipline)
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to address (someone); to accost a person; to talk (to someone); to begin to talk; to start a conversation
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
bad; wrong; must not (do, be); should not; useless; no good; hopeless
greeting; greetings; speech (congratulatory or appreciative); address; reply; response; courtesy visit (to offer condolences, say congratulations, pay respect, introduce oneself, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
prohibition; inhibition; ban
a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
Mr; master; Ms; miss; (arch.) sir; (arch.) madam
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
nothing but; except; no more than
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
lonely (e.g. person, feeling); lonesome; desolate; deserted; sad; lacking
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to talk; to chat; to chatter
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
various; a variety of; variously; in various ways; various things; this and that
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
by myself; in person; by oneself
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of