rain; rainy day; rainy weather; the November suit (in hanafuda)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
stairs; stairway; staircase
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
bento; Japanese box lunch
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
skillful; skilful; delicious; appetizing; fortunate; splendid
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
classroom; lecture room; department (in a university); class; lessons; school (for a particular discipline)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
tacit understanding; unspoken agreement
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
rumour; rumor; report; hearsay; gossip; common talk
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
serious; not joking; straight
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
more or less; though not quite satisfactorily; tentatively; for the time being; just in case; once
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
what?!; what did you say?!; why?; what for?; anyone; anything
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
disliked; hated; tendency; smack (of); distinction; discrimination
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
previously; before; first; before (something or someone else); beforehand; in advance
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way