to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
pupil in ... year; student in ... year
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
one o'clock; once; at one time; for a time; for a while; a time
how; in what way; how about
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
taking an examination (esp. school and university entrance)
day in question; appointed day; that very day; the day (of issue, publication, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
degree (angle, temperature, scale, etc.); counter for occurrences; strength (of glasses); glasses prescription; alcohol content (percentage); alcohol by volume; extent
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
heat; fever; temperature; zeal; passion
non-slip device (material, tread, etc.); non-skid; anti-slip; back-up option (esp. with regard to university admissions); back-up choice; insurance choice
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
splendid; magnificent; utter (esp. defeat); total; (arch.) something worth seeing; (arch.) sight
success; passing (e.g. exam); eligibility
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
younger brother; little brother; brother-in-law (spouse's younger brother or younger sister's husband); (arch.) pupil; (arch.) apprentice
regular time; stated period
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
(one's) older brother; young man; sonny; lad
to cry; to weep; to sob; to howl
congratulations!; well done!; best wishes!; all the best!
Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica)
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
banzai; hurray; something to cheer about; something worthy of celebration; giving up; throwing one's hands up
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to run; to run (of a vehicle); to drive; to rush (to); to dash; to retreat; to flee
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
in that way; thus; so; so?