to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
tuft (of hair, threads, etc.); fringe; bunch (of grapes, bananas, etc.); cluster (of flowers); segment (of a tangerine, etc.); section
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
reflection; reconsideration; introspection; regret; repentance; remorse
Ise (former province located in the major part of present-day Mie Prefecture and parts of Aichi and Gifu prefectures); Ise (city)
earth; ground; place; territory; bottom (of a package, book, etc.); earth (one of the five elements)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
certainly; for sure; distinctly; clearly; firmly; tightly
to be careful; to be discreet; to do in moderation; to refrain (from overdoing); to be purified; to be chaste
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
adds force or indicates command
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
father (esp. used in samurai families prior to the Meiji period)
from the standpoint of; as a matter of (e.g. fact); aboard (a ship or vehicle); on top of; first volume (e.g. book); superior quality; best
by all means; at any cost; whether (one is) willing or not; willingly or unwillingly; on no account; by no means
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
that child; that kid; that boy; (arch.) you
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
your Highness; his Highness; her Highness
discourtesy; impoliteness; excuse me; goodbye; to leave; to be rude
to work; to labor; to function; to operate; to commit (e.g. a crime); to perpetrate
execution; punishment; spanking
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
be (that) as it may; having said that
counter for people (usu. seating, reservations and such); first name; famous; great; name; noun
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
to attack; to assail; to succeed (someone in a post, role, etc.); to make a sudden visit
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
to order; to command; to appoint
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
remainder; remnant; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to cry; to weep; to sob; to howl
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to say; to be called; to do