book; volume; this; present; main; head
reason; significance; cause; piece of information that one has heard; I hear that ...; it is said that ...
teahouse; (Edo period) rest stop; (geisha) teahouse; establishment where patrons are entertained by geisha; tea house (that sells tea); tea dealer
work (film, book); production; creation; turning (something) out
companion; follower; attendant; retinue
exchange (e.g. cultural); interchange; interaction; alternating current; AC
to look after (often medically); to take care of
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
business; task; use; purpose; for the use of ...; used for ...
quotient; dealing; dealer; second degree (of the Japanese and Chinese pentatonic scale); Shang dynasty (China, approx. 1600-1046 BCE); Yin dynasty
freedom; free; open; unrestricted
extermination; annihilation
tactics; strategy; military operation; naval operation
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
outline; summary; overview; synopsis; abstract; abridgment
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
not less than; ... and over; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; above-mentioned; aforementioned
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
you (people); gentlemen; ladies and gentlemen; my friends
han; fan; unit that doubles the score of a hand
hour; o'clock; (specified) time; when ...; during ...
certain; one; (arch.) I; (arch.) me
sky; heaven; God; svarga (heaven-like realm visited as a stage of death and rebirth); deva (divine being of Buddhism); top (of a book); sole (of a Japanese sandal)
prince; subordinate Kumano shrine
rain; rainy day; rainy weather; the November suit (in hanafuda)
school; proof (of a book, document, etc.); counter for proofs
period; time; opportunity; chance; age; term (e.g. in office); session (e.g. of parliament)
frequent; densely packed; thick
action of making something; -ification
insect; bug; worm; roundworm; one's emotions; one's feelings; nervousness
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
core; core; hardcore; all-out
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
summons; summonsing; citation; subpoena; arraigning; calling
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
I; me; oneself; (arch.) you; (arch.) prefix indicating familiarity or contempt
combination; union; incorporation; congruence
force; unit; corps; squad; troops; party
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need