indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
bento; Japanese box lunch
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
delicious; tasty; sweet; attractive; appealing; convenient
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
cooking; cookery; cuisine; dealing with something; handling; administration
bento; Japanese box lunch
middle of summer; height of summer; midsummer
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you