(one's) older brother; lad; sonny
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
with trouble; at great pains; rare; valuable; kind; generous
boundary; border; limit; bounds; frontier
town; city; municipal; urban
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to take (a photo); to record (video, audio, etc.); to make (a film)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to make sure of; to assure oneself of; to see with one's own eyes; to ascertain
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
which way; which direction; which one (esp. of two alternatives); who
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to snatch away; to dispossess; to steal
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
while moving; on the move
route; course; path; one's future course (e.g. after graduating high school)
from the standpoint of; as a matter of (e.g. fact); aboard (a ship or vehicle); on top of; first volume (e.g. book); superior quality; best
inhabitant; resident; citizen; population
self-responsibility; on one's own responsibility; at one's own risk
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
please (give me); please (do for me)
to repeat; to do something over again
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
spirit world; underworld; the next world
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
this world; this life; current epoch (i.e. the Holocene epoch)
to cross; to intersect; to associate with; to mingle with; to have a sexual relationship; to copulate
town; block; downtown; main street; street; road
lot (production); batch; lotto
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence