indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to run; to run (of a vehicle); to drive; to rush (to); to dash; to retreat; to flee
remainder; remnant; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
hairy caterpillar; woolly bear; pest; nudnik (nudnick)
consequence; outcome; result; blame
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
correct; right; correct interpretation (answer, solution)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to advance; to go forward; to precede; to go ahead (of); to make progress; to improve; to deepen
should; must; -able; probably; likely
direction; orientation; bearing; course (e.g. of action)
to make a mistake (in); to commit an error (e.g. in calculation); to confuse; to mistake something for something else
easy; likely to ...; have a tendency to ...; easy to ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
few; a little; scarce; insufficient; seldom
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
now; the present time; just now; another; more
worry; concern; anxiety; care; help; aid
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
keno (casino game); kino (gum, resin); kino (cinema)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
bumping of heads; running into; coming across; encountering
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
grass; weed; (arch.) ninja; not genuine; substandard; LOL
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to grow; to spring up; to sprout; to cut (teeth)