-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
part; portion; amount; worth (as in "two days' worth"); one's means; one's place; one's duty
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
opening (one's mouth) wide; saying "aah"; crying loudly; wailing; bawling
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
than; from; out of; except; but; more
look!; look out!; hey!; look at me!; there you are!
eel (esp. the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica)
to come near; to let someone approach; to bring near; to bring together; to deliver (opinion, news, etc.); to send (e.g. a letter); to let someone drop by
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
procurement; purchase; buying; school store; co-op; school canteen
to buy; to purchase; to value; to have a high opinion; to stir; to provoke
trouble; hardship; difficulty; anxiety; worry; concern
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
medium; diviner; shaman; oracle
hindrance; obstacle; to visit (someone's home); demon who hinders Buddhist training; demon who obstructs sentient beings from maintaining moral behaviour
please (give me); please (do for me)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
bread; (sweet) pastry; staff of life; one's bread
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
bento; Japanese box lunch
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
aah!; ooh!; oh no!; oh boy!
to adhere to; to stick to; to keep close to; to go along with; to get involved with; to be thick with
past; after; too (much); over- (e.g. eating)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
club activities; extracurricular activities
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
rest; recess; vacation; holiday; dormancy (of a silkworm prior to moulting)
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
crane (any bird of the family Gruidae, esp. the red-crowned crane, Grus japonensis)
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate