to come; to go; to be (somewhere); to be (doing)
refinement; elegance; grace
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
cute; adorable; dear; precious; innocent; childlike
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
I wonder; do you think?; I might; some kind; some stage; somehow
at last; finally; barely; narrowly; just
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
store; shop; establishment; restaurant
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
(United States of) America; United States; US; America (land mass); the Americas
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
department (in an organization); division; club; part; component; category
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
pupil; student; schoolchild
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
rumour; rumor; report; hearsay; gossip; common talk
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
that way; that direction; that (one); that person; there; over there
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
memories; recollections; reminiscence
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament