excuse me; pardon me; I'm sorry; thank you
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
returning from school; going home from school
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
ambush; lying in wait for an ambush
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
imitating; copying; mimicry; behavior; behaviour; action
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
cotton plant (Gossypium spp.); batting; wadding; padding
sink (e.g. in a kitchen); cruising (e.g. taxi); strolling (entertainer, musician, etc.); washing area (in a Japanese-style bath); back-washing service (in a public bath); floating (something on water)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
evening; night; dinner; evening meal; counter for nights
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
plain; field; hidden (structural) member; wild; lacking a political post
quantity; amount; volume; number; amount of money
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
consultation; discussion; discussing; asking (somebody) for advice
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to say; to speak; to tell; to talk
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
stature; height; size; physique
to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
used article; worn-out article; veteran; old-timer; long-established (way, method, etc.); old
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
(present) head of a family
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
to be frank; to drop all pretense
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
to have the privilege of doing