indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to drink; to swallow; to smoke (tobacco); to swallow up; to engulf; to suppress (one's anger, bitter feelings, etc.); to keep down
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
oh well, fine; fine, I guess; alright, I suppose; OK, then
(another's) daughter; young lady (of pampered upbringing); woman who has never known hardship; naive woman
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
remainder; remnant; the rest; what is left; balance; leftovers
hot water; hot bath; hot spring; molten iron
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
cherry tree; cherry blossom; light pink; fake buyer; paid audience; hired applauder
garden; orchard; park; place; world; environment
society regulations; club regulations; constitution
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
(one's) older brother; lad; sonny
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
drawer; withdrawal (of money from an account); variety of knowledge and experience useful for handling things impromptu
to open out (of a view, scenery, etc.); to spread out; to improve (of luck, prospects, etc.); to get better; to develop (of a town, civilization, etc.); to become civilized; to be sensible
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
significant; useful; meaningful; worthwhile; valuable; of interest
new; neo-; newness; novelty; Gregorian calendar; Xin dynasty (of China; 9-23 CE)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
don't you think?; indicates question
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
pupil; student; schoolchild
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
occupation; profession; job; vocation; career; trade
questionnaire; survey; poll
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
that kind of; that way; that move; that trick; that game
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor