indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
older sister; lass; young lady
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
mama; mamma; mom; female proprietress (of a bar, etc.)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
the future (usually distant); future tense; the world to come
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
safety; security; safely; without incident; good health; inaction
horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's