indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
Satan; the Devil; the Prince of Darkness; king of the demons who try to prevent people from doing good
young lady of noble birth; princess (esp. in Western contexts, tales, etc.); girl; small; cute; (arch.) prostitute
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
expert; learned person; doctor; PhD; instructor at the imperial court (ritsuryo period); pitch and length marks (to accompany a Buddhist liturgical chant, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
hero; the brave; man of valour (valor)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
castle (in place names); castle; fortress
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
(common) soldier; rank and file; army; troops; warfare; strategy
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to sleep; to die; to rest (in peace); to lie idle (e.g. of resources); to lie unused; (arch.) to close one's eyes
underpants; pants; briefs; trousers (esp. women's); jodhpurs; breeches
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
adds force or indicates command
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
good; excellent; fine; nice; pleasant; agreeable
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
to lull (a child) to sleep; to put a person to sleep