indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
young lady of noble birth; princess (esp. in Western contexts, tales, etc.); girl; small; cute; (arch.) prostitute
Satan; the Devil; the Prince of Darkness; king of the demons who try to prevent people from doing good
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
honorific/polite/humble prefix
castle (in place names); castle; fortress
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
adds force or indicates command
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
futon; Japanese bedding consisting of a mattress and a duvet; round cushion used for Zen meditation (traditionally made of woven bulrush leaves)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
you; you bastard; you son of a bitch; (arch.) you
hero; the brave; man of valour (valor)
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
eggs; egg; (hen's) egg; (an expert) in the making; beginning; origin
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
counter for occurrences; a time; an instance; inning (baseball); round; episode; chapter
violation; offense; offence; breach; transgression; infringement
elder; senior; senior monk; dean; presbyter