indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
two persons; two people; pair; couple
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
how; in what way; how about; questionable
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
no; that's wrong; it's not like that; isn't it?; wasn't it?
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to end; to come to an end; to finish; to complete; to finish doing; to be past its (one's) prime
manzai; comic dialogue; two-person comedy act, usu. presented as a fast-paced dialogue, occ. presented as a skit
laugh; laughter; smile; sneer; sex aids (e.g. dildos, pornographic books, erotic woodblock prints, etc.)
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
marsh; swamp; obsession; addiction; ugly man; retard
beach; seashore; captured pieces; captured stones; Yokohama; (arch.) riverbank
how; in what way; how about
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
well; properly; best regards; please remember me; just like ...; as though one were ...
to sew; to stitch; to weave one's way (e.g. through a crowd)
like; as; so that; in order that; be sure to; I hope (that)
to be lucky; to be in luck; to be attached; to have; to be included
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
sure; certain; reliable; trustworthy; If I'm not mistaken; If I remember correctly
now; the present time; just now; another; more
middle of a field; middle of a country; field of contest
server; (cake) server; (water) dispenser; server (tennis, volleyball, etc.)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
how; in what way; by what means
don't you think?; indicates question
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
summons; subpoena; citation; summoning (a spirit, demon, etc.); evocation; invocation