indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
Leo (constellation); the Lion
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
mess; sorry state; -ways; -wards; in the act of ...; just as one is ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
young lady of noble birth; princess (esp. in Western contexts, tales, etc.); girl; small; cute; (arch.) prostitute
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
now; the present time; just now; another; more
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
adds force or indicates command
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
management; (executive) staff; leaders; leadership; top brass; upper echelons
honorific/polite/humble prefix
revival (e.g. musical); come-back; restoration; rebirth; resurrection
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
to hurry; to rush; to hasten; to make something happen sooner
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
yikes!; eek!; ook; eek; customer
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?