indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
now; the present time; just now; another; more
adds force or indicates command
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
ridge (of roof); back of a sword; counter for buildings, apartments, etc.
gas (state of matter, e.g. poison gas, natural gas); gasoline; gas; dense fog; thick fog; gas stove
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
radio (communication); wireless; not using wires
pirate; sea robber; buccaneer; freebooter
wheat straw; barley straw
in that way; thus; so; so?
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
island; one's territory (e.g. of a sex worker, organized crime gang); one's turf
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh