indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
wheat straw; barley straw
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
adds force or indicates command
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
breath; breathing; tone; mood
ridge (of roof); back of a sword; counter for buildings, apartments, etc.
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
to catch; to capture; to catch hold of (someone); to stop (e.g. a stranger in the street); towards (someone); at (someone)
to sew; to stitch; to weave one's way (e.g. through a crowd)
pirate; sea robber; buccaneer; freebooter
unique flavor (flavour); (degree of) flavouring; distinctive quality; special charm