indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
island; one's territory (e.g. of a sex worker, organized crime gang); one's turf
wheat straw; barley straw
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
now; the present time; just now; another; more
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
blue; azure; green; green light (traffic); black (horse coat color); blue 5-point card; immature
pirate; sea robber; buccaneer; freebooter
green pheasant (Phasianus versicolor); Japanese pheasant
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
in that way; thus; so; so?
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
ship's captain; skipper; length of a ship; boatman
New World (esp. the Americas, but also Australasia); new world
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")