indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
adds force or indicates command
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
dried squid; dried cuttlefish; Japanese common squid (Todarodes pacificus); (thing that) grows on one over time
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
number; edition; sobriquet; pen-name; size (of printing types, canvases, knitting needles, etc.); suffix attached to names of ships, trains, airplanes, etc.
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
yikes!; eek!; ook; eek; customer
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
incredible; unbelievable; terrific; impressive
siblings; brothers and sisters; brothers; siblings-in-law; brothers-in-law; mate
chitter; chatter; giggle; screeching; squealing
wheat straw; barley straw
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you