indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
younger princess; Oto Hime; Princess of the Dragon Palace (from the story of Urashima Tarō)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
island; one's territory (e.g. of a sex worker, organized crime gang); one's turf
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
please (give me); please (do for me)
from the standpoint of; as a matter of (e.g. fact); aboard (a ship or vehicle); on top of; first volume (e.g. book); superior quality; best
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
king; ruler; tycoon; magnate; king (of the senior player)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
please; somehow or other; one way or another
kind; sort; type; similar example; parallel; the like
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet