indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
wheat straw; barley straw
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
pirate; sea robber; buccaneer; freebooter
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
adds force or indicates command
leader of a (large) group; large decorative black flagpole tassel made from tail hair (of a yak, horse, ox, etc.) or dyed hemp; puffbird (any bird of family Bucconidae); first makushita rikishi listed on the banzuke
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
ship's captain; skipper; length of a ship; boatman
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
he; she; this; this one; Hey, you!; You bastard!
10,000; ten thousand; myriad; everything; all; (arch.) various
number (in a series); (one's) turn; watch; guard; rank; standing; bout
idiot; moron; trivial matter; folly; stupid; foolish
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
genuine article; real thing; real deal
10^8; 100,000,000; hundred million