indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
ace (playing card); ace (of a team); leading player; ace; hotshot; ace (serve)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
adds force or indicates command
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
sabot; wooden shoe; work-to-rule; go-slow strike; slowdown
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
(some) more; even more; longer; further
to cry; to weep; to sob; to howl
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
incredible; unbelievable; terrific; impressive
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)